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The Peace Companies ((アラビア語:سرايا السلام), transcript. ''Sraeeaa Aalsalaam'', translit. ''Saraya al-Salaam'') frequently mistranslated Peace Brigades in US media, are an Iraqi armed group linked to Iraq's Shia community and are a revival of the Mahdi Army (''JAM''; ''Jaish al-Mahdī''),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shia paramilitary 'Peace Brigades' kill 30 ISIS fighters says Akili - Iraqi News )〕 created by the Iraqi Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in June 2003 and disbanded in 2008. As the Mahdi Army, the group rose to international prominence on April 18, 2004, when it spearheaded the first major armed confrontation against the U.S.-led forces in Iraq from the Shia community. This concerned an uprising that followed the ban of al-Sadr's newspaper and his subsequent attempted arrest, lasting until a truce on June 6. This truce was followed by moves to disband the group and transform al-Sadr's movement into a political party to take part in the 2005 elections; Muqtada al-Sadr ordered fighters of the Mahdi army to cease fire unless attacked first. The truce broke down in August 2004 after provocative actions by the Mahdi Army, with new hostilities erupting. In 2008, following a crackdown by Iraqi security forces, the group was disbanded. At its height, the Mahdi Army's popularity was strong enough to influence local government, the police, and cooperation with Sunni Iraqis and their supporters. The group was popular among Iraqi police forces. National Independent Cadres and Elites party that ran in the 2005 Iraqi election was closely linked with the army. Members of the Mahdi Army frequently carried out atrocities, particularly against Sunni civilians. The Mahdi Army were accused of operating death squads.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq's death squads: On the brink of civil war )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Terrorism Monitor - The Jamestown Foundation )〕 The group was armed with various light weapons, including improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Many of the IEDs used during attacks on Iraqi Security Forces and Coalition Forces used infra-red sensors as triggers, a technique that was used widely by the IRA in Northern Ireland in the early-to-mid-1990s. The group was re-mobilized in 2014 in order to fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and is still active as of 2015. It participated in the recapture of Jurf Al Nasr and the Second Battle of Tikrit. ==Nomenclature == In the Twelver school of Shia Islam, the Mahdī is believed to have been a historical figure identified with the Twelfth Imām, Muhammad al-Mahdī, and is therefore called ''al-Imām al-Mahdī''. It is believed that he is still present on earth "in occultation" (i.e., hidden), and will emerge again in the end times. Those Shi`ites of this school believe that the Imām Mahdī is the rightful ruler of the whole Islamic community (''ummah'') at any given time, and he is therefore also called ''Imām al-Zamān'', meaning "Imām of the Age/Time." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peace Companies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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